Easy Make a Lights On! Schematic

This circuit ensures that you will never again forget to switch on the lights of your car. As soon as the engine is running, the dipped beams and the sidelights are automatically switched on. The circuit also causes the dipped beams to be extinguished as soon as the main beams are switched on. As you can see from the schematic diagram, no special components are needed.

When the engine is running, the alternator will generate a voltage of more than 14 V. Diode D1 reduces this voltage by 5.6 V and passes it to the base of T1 via R1. Due to the resulting current, T1 conducts. The amplified current flows via R3, the base of T3 and D3 to ground. This causes T3 to also conduct and energize relay Re1.

Lights On  Circuit Diagram :

If the driver now switches on the main beams, a current flows through D2 and R2 into the base of T2, causing this transistor to conduct. As a result, the voltage on the base of T3 drops, causing T3 to cut off and the relay to drop out.

When the main beams are switched off, the previous situation is restored, and the relay again engages. The dipped beams and the sidelights are switched by the contacts of relay Re1. Diodes D5 and D6 ensure that the sidelights are illuminated if either the dimmed beams or the main beams are switched on. In practice, this means that the sidelights will be on whenever the engine is running, regardless of whether the main beams are switched on.

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Build a 60W Transistored Power Amplifier Circuit Diagram

This is the circuit diagram of 60W transistored power amplifier. This circuit was designed and built during the 80s. From then it works without problem. It does not present a particular construction problem, apart from the known: the attention to the supplied power source, choosing suitable heatsinks and good matching of the driver transistors. The diodes D3..5 should be placed on the heatsinks of power transistors to have thermal coupling with the output transistors.

 60W Transistored Power Amplifier Circuit Diagram

With the trimmer R15, we regulate the voltage at the output of the amplifier [with long work hours and little heat stabilized]. With the trimmer TR1, we can adjust the bias current of the amplifier at 50 to 100 mA. The bias current can be measured if you measure the voltage drop at the ends of the resistors R36 and R37, for the voltage that are given in the circuit, the current is approximately 75 mA. The voltage indicated in above diagram can be different, but may have a tolerance of about +/- 10%.

Parts List

R1 = 1.8K ohm	R25 = 8.2K ohm	D1,D2 = 24V/1W Zener	C1 = 4.7uF/25V
R2 = 220K ohm	R26 = 27K ohm	D3….9 = 1N4002	C2 = 470pF
R3 = 27K ohm	R27 = 820 ohm	T1-2 = BC550C	C3-4 = 100uF/63V
R4,R10,R11,R17 = 3.3K ohm	R28 = 3.3K ohm	T3,T4 = BC560C	C5 = 68pF
R5,R9,R12,R16 = 100 ohm	R29 = 100 ohm	T5,T13 = BD530	C6,C10 = 330pF
R6 = 18K ohm	R31,R39 = 180 ohm	T6,T8 = BC414C	C7 = 22pF
R7,R13 = 3.9K ohm	R32,R38 = 6.8K ohm	?9 = BC416C	C8 = 220uF/16V
R14 = 10K ohm	R33,R34 = 1.2K ohm	T7,T10 = BD529	C9 = 100nF 100V
R15 = 22K ohm Trimmer	R35 = 82 ohm /1W	T11 = BD591	C11,C12 = 10pF
R18,R23 = 330 ohm	R36,R37 = 0.33 ohm / 5W	T14 = BD592	C13,R15 = 47uF/63V
R19,R21,R22 = 15K ohm	R40,R41 = 10 ohm / 2W	T12 = 2N5630	C16,R17 = 100nF/100V
R20 = 12K ohm	R42 = 180 ohm/5W	T15 = 2N6030	C18,R19 = 100nF/100V
R24,R30 = 82 ohm	TR1 = 4.7K ohm Trimmer

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Build a Simple Quiz Master Wiring diagram Schematic

How to Build a  Simple Quiz Master Circuit Diagram, Quiz master is a device which uses electronics to decide who pushes their button first, Up to eight players each have their own answer button to press, corresponding to the four Red Team and four Green Team LEDs on the master control board. As soon as the first contestant who thinks that he knows the answer presses the button, a loud tone sounds, all other contestants are locked out, and the contestant`s indicator LED lights on the control board so that it`s obvious who buzzed in first. 

The control board also features two selectable time out periods each adjustable from 3 to 15 seconds, setting specified time intervals in which the player must answer before the time`s up! tone sounds. Eight SCRs form the heart of the schema. The anode of each SCR has a positive (+) bias on it by way of an LED and a negative (-) bias on cach cathode. As soon as a contestant depresses his or her switch button (S4 through Sll), a positive bias is applied to the respective SCR gate. 

Simple Quiz Master Circuit Diagram

That bias latches the contestant`s SCR on, which in turn lights up the appropriate LED on the master control board. At the same time, the activity of the SCR latching on turns on the answer buzzer (BZ) and locks out all other contestants. The lockout occurs because relay K2 contacts operate to remove the availability of a bias voltage to the gate of the other SCRs. The other schemary consists of a timer schema and a time`s-up tone-generating schema. 

The timer schema consists of transistor Ql, capacitor CI, resistors Rl through R3, and trimmer resistors PI and P2, Depending on the adjustment of the trimmer resistors and selection switch S3, a specific time period can be set. The lime`s-up tone-generating schema is made up of IC1, transistors Q2 and Q3, and the associated resistors and capacitors. The on time of the tone can be set by P3. Relay Kl, which is operated by the timer schema, serves to reset the entire unit for the next question.

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Build a BTL Stereo Amplifier Wiring diagram Schematic with TDA7052

Build a BTL Stereo Amplifier Circuit Diagram with TDA7052 , you can see schema and start make a BTL Stereo Amplifier Circuit Diagram with TDA7052.

BTL Stereo Amplifier Circuit Diagram with TDA7052 

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Do it yourself how to install a car radio with cd changer

This article explains how to remove an old car stereo and install a new one with a CD changer.

Before you get excited and try to jam that brand new CD player into your dash, there’s some work that needs to be done. First things first; before going any further, remove the negative cable from your battery. This will keep you safe as you are messing around with the wires.

Next, you’ve got to remove your old stereo. This often requires manufacturer’s tools. Consult the old manual for removal instructions. Once the head unit is out, you will see a cage bracket that held the stereo into the dash. This needs to come out. It should be held in either by screws or metal teeth that are bent to hook into the dash piece. If this is the case, simply take a screwdriver and some pliers and bend back the teeth that are sticking into the dash. The cage should slide right out.

Inside the dash you’ll find a bundle of wires connected to a plastic connector. This is your car’s wiring harness. Unfortunately, it will not fit your stereo yet. However, in the new box, you should have a similar looking piece that fits the back of your new head unit. Most of the wires coming out of this stereo harness will eventually match a wire in the car harness. However, at this point we need to match them up. There are two ways you can do this. Preferably, you can pick up an adapter (available at many retail stores) that will clip into the car harness and get crimped onto the stereo wires. If you are unable to get one of these adapters, never fear, you can simply cut the plastic car harness piece off. Avoid this if possible, as the harness wires are not very long, and it will mean you have to crimp them with your hands in the dashboard.

Now, find the wiring information for your old stereo. It should be in the owners manual, but if not, you can find it online. Compare this with the wiring information for your new stereo. There should be listings by wire color and what the wire is connected to. On the wires coming out of your dash and the back of the stereo you should have at least: four pairs of speaker wires, one always-on power wire, and one ground wire. Most modern cars and stereos also have a switched power wire that will turn the stereo off when the ignition goes off. Other wires you might encounter are: an amplifier remote coming out of the stereo, a power antenna control also coming out of the stereo, or possibly a cellular phone control wire coming from the car or the stereo. Besides the wires in the harnesses, there should be a thick antenna cable. Now is a good time to check to see if you need an adapter to make the antenna fit the stereo.

If you’re lucky, the colors of the wires coming out of your stereo and out of the car harness will match up, If this is the case, all you’ll have to do is match the a red always on power wire with a red power wire, black with black, and so on. However, it rarely works out this neatly, so be careful you get the wires right. I would suggest temporarily taping them together just so you can get them all sorted out before you actually connect anything. Now, to actually link them, you need crimps (either red or blue butt-splice or closed-end crimps; wire-nuts will not do here), a crimping tool, and a wire stripper. Use the stripper to take a half-inch of insulation off each of the wires. If you are using butt splice crimps, simply stick the stripped wires you want to connect in either end of the tube, and use the crimping tool to squeeze the crimp shut at either end. Do this for each wire pair you want to match up and you should end up with a long bundle of wires that terminates with the connector in the back of your stereo. If this is all that you’re doing to your stereo, you can put the new cage in by bending the teeth out, plug the stereo and antenna into the harness and slide the whole deal right into your dash.

However, let’s say you have a CD changer to install. If you do, don’t put the stereo back in yet, cause you’ve got more work to do. First, you’ve got to find a place for the changer to be mounted. Some places to think about are in the trunk, under a seat, or under the dash. Think about how much you want to be able to change the CD’s, and how out-of-the-way you want it to be. Just don’t stick it anywhere that it might vibrate against bare metal. Once you figure out where you want it, mount it using the supplied brackets and screws. Take the RCA cable (the one with two plugs at either end) and the controller cable (probably resembles a compute cable), and run them to the dash. This can be very difficult, especially in newer cars, but if you put a little bit of time into it, you can make them invisible by hiding them underneath carpets, along molding pieces, or through body panels. Whatever you do, don’t run them into the engine compartment. When you get the cables run from the changer to the dash, it should be a cinch to plug them into the back of the head unit. Note that certain head units require a special adapter for a CD changer. At this point you can put the cage in if you have not done that. Just put it in the slot and use a screwdriver to bend the teeth out. Then plug in the head unit, hook the battery cable back up, and you’re done. Congratulations on your new stereo.

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Build a Remotely Adjustable Solid State High voltage Supply Wiring diagram Schematic

How to build a remotely adjustable solid state high-voltage supply Circuit Diagram. The output voltage changes approximately linearly up to 20 KV as the input voltage is varied from 0 to 5 V. The oscillator is tuned by a 5-0 potentiometer to peak the output voltage at the frequency of maximum transformer response between 45 and 55 kHz. 

The feedback voltage is applied through a 100-KO resistor, an op amp, and a comparator to a high-voltage amplifier. A diode and varistors on the primary side of the transformer protect the output transistor. The transformer is a flyback-type used in color-television sets. A feedback loop balances between the high-voltage output and the low-voltage input.

Remotely Adjustable Solid State High-voltage Supply Circuit Diagram

Remotely Adjustable Solid State High-voltage Supply Circuit Diagram

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Build a Low Noise And Drift Composite Amp Wiring diagram Schematic

How to Build a Low Noise And Drift Composite Amp Circuit Diagram. This schema offers the best of both worlds. It can be combined with a low input offset voltage and drift without degrading the overall system`s dynamic performance. 

 Low Noise And Drift Composite Amp Circuit Diagram

Compared to a standalone FET input operational amplifier, the composite amplifier schema exhibits a 20-fold improvement in voltage offset and drift. In this schema arrangement, A1 is a highspeed FET input op amp with a closed-loop gain of 100 (the source impedance was arbitrarily chosen to be 100 kfl). A2 is a Super Beta bipolar input op amp. It has good dc characteristics, biFET-level input bias current, and low noise. A2 monitors the voltage at the input of A1 and injects current to Al`s null pins. This forces A1 to have the input properties of a bipolar amplifier while maintaining its bandwidth and low-input-bias-current noise.

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Build a 1000W Power Amplifier Wiring diagram Schematic

This is a like full 1000W Power Amplifier Circuit Diagram. I think youve seen or even have an active speaker and there is written 1500 watts PMPO (Peak Music Power Output), make no mistake this is different from Power Amplifier Active Speaker, I often dismantle such Active Speaker in it only a power with power no more than 150 watts by using the transformer 2-3 Ampere. PMPO is not a real power which is issued by the Power Amplifier, but counting all the speakers that there is, for example: if there are 5 pieces of speakers on each channel and each speaker has a power of 10 W then it is 100 W PMPO.

1000W Power Amplifier Circuit Diagram

 While this 1000 Watt Power Amplifier minimal use transformer 20 Ampere. And the output of Power Amplifier DC voltage contains approximately 63 volts, with currents and voltages of this magnitude, this 1000 Watt Power Amplifier will not hesitate hesitate to destroy your woofer speakers to connect. To overcome that then before the speaker on connects to 1000 Watt Power Amplifier must be in pairs Speaker Protector.

Actually if you want to create a Power Amplifier with great power does not have to make a Power Amplifier with great power. Example: you want to create a Power Amplifier with 10 000 Watt power. You do not have to assemble a Power Amplifier with power of 10,000 watts, but you assemble the power Power Amplifier Small but many, such as you assemble the Power Amplifier with 1000 Watts of power for as many as 10 pieces, it will produce 10 000 Watt Power Amplifier helpless.

Parts List

Circuit uses power transistors pair of 5 x 5 x 2SA1216 and 2SC2922 and 2SC1583 use a differential amplifier that actually contains 2 pieces of transistors that are in containers together. Why use such built-in amplifier differental tujuanya so identical / similar, could have uses 2 separate transistors but can result in amplifier so it is not symmetrical.

Tips combining speaker

To get the speakers with great power combining techniques can be used in parallel series, combining each group of speakers should sepaker they will have the same impedance, the same type (Woofer, Mid Range or tweeter) and the same power. Number of merging these speakers should consists of 4 , 9, 16 ff, see picture

Example
The number of speakers have 4 pieces each of its 200 Watt power generated will be a speaker at = 200 x 4 = 800 Watt. If there are 9 speakers 200 W then the result = 9 x 200 W = 1800 Watt.

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Build a Charger Extends Lead Acid Battery Life Wiring diagram Schematic

The Charger Extends Lead-Acid Battery Life Circuit Diagram furnishes an initial charging voltage of 2.5 V per cell at 25°C to rapidly charge a battery. The charging current decreases as the battery charges, and when the current drops to 180 mA, the charging schema reduces the output voltage to 2.35 V per cell, floating the battery in a fully charged state. 

This lower voltage prevents the battery from overcharging, which would shorten its life. The LM301A compares the voltage drop across R1 with an 18-mV reference set by R2. The comparator`s output controls the voltage regulator, forcing it to produce the lower float voltage when the battery-chaiging current passing through R1 drops below 180 mA. the 150-mV difference between the charge and float voltages is set by the ratio of R3 to R4. The LEDs show the state of the schema . 

Charger Extends Lead-Acid Battery Life Circuit Diagram

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Transistor As a timer circuit

Basically on all timer or timer circuit utilizing most of the basic characteristics of the capacitor.

 The basic characteristic is the process of filling and discharge that occurs in the capacitor. The length of time charging and release depends on the value of the capacitor.

If we observe the above circuit, the light will immediately switch SW1 turns on when we plug it into potensio VR1, this is because the current flowing from VR1 to trigger the transistor base should fill the first capacitor C1. Semakian large capacitance value of C1 then the longer the time required by the transistor to turn on the lights. Then if we connect it to the Ground SW1 then light would soon die and the capacitor will immediately clear the cargo. So can we draw the conclusion that the transistor can be used as a timer circuit using capacitor charging and discharging properties.

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Build a Voltage Regulator 12v to 24v using 7812

How to build a voltage regulator 12v to 24v using 7812. What many people do not know is it possible for a voltage regulator IC to provide an output voltage higher than its actual value. One method to achieve this is by connecting the "common" terminal to the middle point of a potential divider, but the problem with this method is that the regulators IC has a small quiescent current (~ 10 mA) flowing out the common terminal to ground.

The schema presented here avoids the problems of using the IC regulator to raise the voltage via the transistor Q1 to generate a low impedance to the common terminal video controller during the transfer of the voltage divider from a resistor divider network relatively high. The value of R3 is not critical, but should be low enough to accept the higher quiescent current without causing problems for T1.

Voltage Regulator 12v to 24v Circuit Diagram 

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Build a Bootstrapped Amp Current Source Wiring diagram Schematic

Build a Bootstrapped Amp Current Source Circuit Diagram. This schema responds to the difference between Vj and V2. Rq on sets gain. Resistors XR2 and (1 -X) R2 produce the bootstrap effect. These two resistors convert the schema`s output voltage to a current. IC1 and IC2 are Burr-Brown OPA2107 or equal.

Bootstrapped Amp Current Source Circuit Diagram

Build a Bootstrapped Amp Current Source Circuit Diagram

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Build a Low Noise Active Antenna Wiring diagram Schematic

Build a Low-Noise Active Antenna Circuit Diagram. This is a Vlf/Vhf Wideband Low-Noise Active Antenna Circuit Diagram. A 30- to 50-cm whip antenna provides reception from 10 kHz to over 220 MHz. Tl, a dual-gate MOSFET, provides low noise, high-input impedance, and high gain, The schema is powered via the coaxial cable used to connect the antenna to a receiver.

 Low-Noise Active Antenna Circuit Diagram

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Build a Bridge Wiring diagram Schematic With One Power Supply

This is simple Bridge Circuit Diagram With One Power Supply. For systems with only one power supply, two op amps act as instrumentation and buffer amps. The OPA111 AM buffers the reference mode of the bridge and applies that voltage to the instrumentation amps ref terminal. Output is taken between the amplifier outputs to exclude the fixed output offset. 

The additional op amp creates a bridge error of 2, where IB=bias current of op amp and R is the resistance of one leg of the bridge.

Bridge Circuit Diagram With One Power Supply

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3 A Wide input Adjustable Switching Regulator

The PTN78060 is a series of high-efficiency, buck-boost, integrated switching regulators (ISR) from good old Texas Instruments (TI). The caseless, double-sided package has excellent thermal characteristics, and is RoHs compliant. The PTN78060 devices operate from a remarkably wide input voltage range:

Note that the –A version supplies a negative output voltage. The devices provide high-efficiency stepdown voltage conversion for loads of up to 3 A. The PTN78060 devices are suited to a wide variety of general-purpose applications that operate off 12-V, 24-V, or tightly regulated 28-V dc power, hence are ideal for running low-voltage electronics from a very high power 24-V battery unit salvaged from an electric wheel chair and migrated into a robot.  The output voltage VO can be set to any value over a wide adjustment range using a single external resistor RSET, using the equation RSET = 54.9kΩ×(1.25V/VO–VMIN) – Rp  If pin 4 is left open, the output voltage defaults to the lowest value.

Limiting ourselves to the two positive-output regulators, for the -W version, VMIN and Rp are 2.5 V and 6.49 kΩ respectively; for the -H device, the values 11.824 V and 6.65 kΩ should be used. For the output to remain in regulation, the input voltage must exceed the output by a minimum differential voltage. Another consideration is the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) range of the regulator’s internal control schema. For stable operation, its operating duty cycle should not be lower than a certain minimum percentage. This defines the maximum advisable ratio between the regulator input and output voltage magnitudes. For satisfactory performance, the operating input voltage range of the PTN78060x must satisfy the following requirements.

1. For PTN78060W devices supplying output voltages lower than 10 V, the minimum input voltage is (VO+2 V) or 7 V, whichever is higher.

2. For PTN78060Ws supplying output voltages of 10 V and higher, the minimum input voltage is (VO+2.5 V).

3. The maximum input voltage for PTN78060W is 10VO or 36 V, whichever is less.

4. For PTN78060H output voltages lower than 19 V, the minimum input voltage is (VO+3 V) or 15 V, whichever is higher.

5. For PTN78060H output voltages equal to 19 V and higher, the minimum input voltage is (VO+4 V).

 

As an example, the Table gives the operating input voltage range for some commonly used output bus voltages. The modules are protected against load faults with a continuous current limit characteristic. Under a load-fault condition, the output current increases to the current limit threshold. Attempting to draw current that exceeds the current limit threshold causes the module to progressively reduce its output voltage. Current is continuously supplied to the load until the fault is removed. Once it is removed, the output voltage promptly recovers. When limiting output current, the regulator experiences higher power dissipation, which increases its temperature. If the temperature increase is excessive, the module overtemperature protection begins to periodically turn the output voltage off.

The inhibit feature can be used wherever there is a requirement for the output voltage to be turned off. The power module switches off the output voltage when the Inhibit control (pin 3) is pulled to ground,for example, by a switching FET. Finally, good attention should be paid to the quality of the capacitors on VI and VO as they determine the regulator stability and overall performance to a substantial degree. Summarizing the extensive information on capacitor selection found in the datasheets, the minimum requirement for C1 is 2.2 μF (!) worth of ceramic capacitors for the –W device and 14.1 μF (!!) for the-H device. Tantalum caps are not recommended.  Similarly, at the regulator output, C2 should be at least 100 μF worth of low- ESR electrolytics. 

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Build a Voice Scrambler or Descrambler Wiring diagram Schematic

This Voice Scrambler or De-scrambler Circuit Diagram uses an NE602 as an inversion mixer. U2 is set to run at about 2.5 to 3.5 kHz. U3 drives a loudspeaker. Because speech inversion scrambling is its own inverse, the schema will also descramble . 

Voice Scrambler or Descrambler Circuit Diagram

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Loudspeaker as a Microphone

This circuits allows you to use a cheap loudspeaker as a microphone. Sound waves reaching the speaker cone cause fluctuations in the voice coil. The voice coil moving in the speakers magnetic field will produce a small electrical signal.

The circuit is designed to be used with an operating voltage between 6 and 12 volts dc. The first transistor operates in common base mode. This has the advantage of matching the low input impedance of the speaker to the common base stage, and secondly has a high voltage gain. The second stage is direct coupled and operates in emitter follower. Voltage gain is slightly less than unity, but output impedance is low, and will drive long cables.

Speech quality is not as good compared to an ordinary or ECM microphone, but quite acceptable results can be obtained. Speaker cones with diameters of 1 inch to 3 inches may be used. Speaker impedance may be 4 ohm to 64 ohm. The 8.2 ohm resistor value may be changed to match the actual speakers own impedance.

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Build a Toy Siren Wiring diagram Schematic

This simple Toy Siren schema for hobbyist and student who game liker, this is a very simple Toy Siren schema,  This Toy Siren schema can be built small enough to frt inside a toy. The Toy Siren schema consists of a relaxation oscillator utilizing one uni-junction transistor (2N2646, MU10, TIS43). R2 and C2 determine the frequency of the tone. 

 Simple Toy Siren Circuit Diagram

Pushing the button, SW1 charges up the capacitor and the potential at the junction of R2 and C2 rises, causing an upswing in the frequency of oscillation. On releasing the push-button the charge on C2 will drop slowly with a proportional reduction in the frequency of oscillation. Manual operation of the button at intervals of approximately 2 seconds will produce a siren sound.

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