EPSON Stylus PHOTO RX600 610 RX620 630 Pinout Connector Diagram

The following table provides detail of EPSON Stylus PHOTO RX600|610 and RX620|630 pinout and connector.

CN No. CN3 CN4 CN5 CN6 CN7 CN8 CN10 CN11 CN12 CN13 CN14

Color White (FFC) White Red White (FFC) White Black White (FFC) (FFC)

Pins 14 25 5 4 3 30 3 4 4 19 25

Connection Point Power Unit CCD Module TPU Inlet Holder Scanner Motor HP sensor circuit board Panel circuit board Detector circuit board CR Motor PF Motor Print Head Print Head

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Simple Automatic Headlight Brightness Switch Circuit Diagram

Going by car the highway with your high-beam headlights can actually increase your visibility, but can be a blinding hazard for other drivers. This easy circuit can be connected into your headlight swap to provide automatic swaping between high and reduced beam headlights when there is oncoming traffic. It does this by feeling the lights of that traffic. In this way, you can propel securely with your high-beams on without blinding other drivers. 

 Automatic Headlight Brightness Switch Circuit Diagram

1. Q1 should me mounted in such a way so it points toward the front of the car with a clear line of site. 
2. Suitable places are on the dashboard, in the front grill, etc.
3. Adjust all the pots for proper response by testing on a deserted road.
4. S1 enables and disables the circuit.B1 is, obviously, in the car already.
5. Before you try to connect this circuit, get a wiring diagram for your car. 
6. Some auto manufacturers do weird things with wiring.
7. Connection A goes to the high beam circuit, B goes to the headlight switch common and C connects to the low beam circuit.
   

Part	Total Qty.	Description	Substitutions
R1	1	5K 1/4W Resistor
R2, R3, R4	3	5K Pot
Q1	1	NPN Phototransistor
Q2	1	2N3906 PNP Transistor
K1	1	Low Current 12V SPST Relay
K2	1	High Current 12V SPDT Relay
S1	1	SPST Switch
B1	1	Car Battery
MISC	1	Case, wire, board, knobs for pots

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HANDY 0 12V DC POWER SUPPLY ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM

HANDY 0-12V DC POWER SUPPLY ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM

For heat protection, heat sink is needed for the BD679 transistor. It is because it will be over tempered when works more than 200mA.

FEATURES:
0v to 12 volt output:
- 700mA with M 2155
- 1.4amp with M 2156
- 1A with 16v AC 1.5 amp plug pack

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30W GUITAR AMPLIFIER ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM

30W GUITAR AMPLIFIER ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM

This is design of 30W Guitar Amplifier ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM

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RESISTOR TO REDUCE L200 POWER DISSIPATION ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM

RESISTOR TO REDUCE L200 POWER DISSIPATION ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM

Instead of in series with the input, the resistor R can be connected between pins 1 and 2 of the IC if the load is constant. You can see this in the right figure. This will make some part of the load current flows through the resistor and the other part through the device.

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Digital 100W RMS Amplifier Circuit Diagram

This is a Digital 100W RMS Amplifier Circuit Diagram.This is a 100 watt basic power amp that was designed to be (relatively) easy to build at a reasonable cost. It has better performance (read: musical quality) than the standard STK module amps that are used in practically every mass market stereo receiver manufactured today. When I originally built this thing, it was because I needed a 100 WPC amp and didnt want to spend any money. So I designed around parts I had in the shop.

 Digital 100W RMS Amplifier Circuit Diagram

The design is pretty much a standard one, and Im sure there are commercial units out there that are similar. To my knowlwdge, it is not an exact copy of any commercial unit, nor am I aware of any patents on the topology. To experienced builders: I realize that many improvements and refinements can be made, but the idea was to keep it simple, and should be do-able by anyone who can make a circuit board and has the patience not to do a sloppy job.

The input stage is an LF351 op amp which provides most of the open loop gain as well as stabilizes the quiescent dc voltage. This feeds a level shift stage which references the voltage swing to the (-) rail. The transconductance stage is a darlington, to improve high-frerqency linearity. The 2SC2344 by itself has a rather large collector-base capacitance which is voltage dependent. The MPSA42 presents this with a low-z and has a C(ob) of only a few pf that is effectively swamped by the 33pF pole-splitting cap. The stage is supplied by the 2SA1011 active load (current source) which is about 20 ma. The current to the stage is limited by the 2N3094 to about 70 ma under worst case.

The output is a full complementary darlington with paralleled outputs. Although you could "get away with" only one if only 8 ohm easy-to-drive loads are used, this is not recommended. The use of parallel devices increases the ability to drive reactive loads (which can pull a significant current while the voltage waveform crosses zero and puts a high voltage and a high curent across the transistor simultaneously), gives the amp a higher damping factor, and reduces the maximum current each transistor has to supply to peaks (remember, the gain of a power transistor drops as the current increases).

Compensation is two-pole and one zero. The op-amps pole and the pole generated by the 33pf cap and the 470 ohm bias resistor of the MPSA42 dominate. (the 33pF gets multiplied by the stage gain.) The 22 pf feedback capacitor provides lead compensation, and is taken from the output of the tranconductance stage rather than the output itself. In this way, the phase lag introduced by the output transistors is not seen by the high-frequency feedback. This intorduces a closed-loop pole which limits the high-frequency response. The two compensation capacitors must be type 1 creamic (NPO) or silver mica - with ZERO voltage coefficient.
The amp was designed to run 2 channels off a +/- 55 volt unregulated supply, reducing to +/- 48 volts under full load. It used a 40-0-40 volt, 5 amp toroid transformer, a bridge rectifier, and 10,000 uf of filter cap per side. If a standard EI transformer is used, a 6-amp rated unit should be used. With this power supply, it produces 100 watts continuous, both channels driven into 8 ohms resistive with no clipping. Dynamic headroom is about a db and a half. For more headroom, unloaded voltages to +/- 62 volts can be used with no circuit modification.

By the way, the schematic is in Postscript.

Limitations:
With no modifications the amp will drive 4-ohm speaker systems with no current limiting. The short-circuit current limit is set to about 4.5 amps peak, which will handle conventional speaker loads.(It will, of course, produce higher peak currents as the output voltage swing approaches the rail.) If you are going to be running some of those high-end speakers with impedance minima of half an ohm, or that stay reactive throughout most of the audio band ( ie, 0.5 +j3.2 ohms) you will probably already own a better amp than this. If the higher-power Motorola power transistors are used, it will drive a 2-ohm resistive load without problems (except heat).

I have never heard any slew-induced distortion on this amp with a CD players band-limited (22KHz) signal. I suppose that real high-end freaks could pick it to pieces by hitting it with a TTL square wave mixed with a 19KHz stereo pilot tone and crank it up. I guarantee that there will be spurs all over the spectrum, but who listens to that?

Possible Modifications: (What if I want mo power???)
The Toshiba output transistors (2SD424/2SB554 pair) shoud not be used with supply voltages above +/-60 volts. If you plan on cranking it up, use more in parallel or use the 250 watt Motorola pairs (MJ15024/MJ15025). If very low impedances are expected, raise the bias in the transconductance stage to give more base drive to the output darlingtons or add another current gain stage. Higher-Beta (and faster) power transistors cant handle reactive loads worth a crap. Dont substitute high-fT parts unless you are sure they have adequate second-breakdown capability.

The NE5532 op-amp can be used in the input stage. If more than one are used off the +/-15 volt shunt regulators (balanced ins, anti-slew Bessel filters, etc.) the 2.7K dropping resistors may need to be reduced to say, 1.8K ohm to maintain regulation. The 2.7K resistors will allow up to 4 LF351 type op amps off the regulator (I used a quad 347 for balanced inputs to avoid hum in a DJ setup).

Construction tips:
The output transistors and thermal compensator (2SC1567) will need to be mounted on a common heat sink - a finned unit measuring 5 in. high by 8 in. wide with 1.25 in fins should do nicely for one channel. (They look nice if you make the sides of the case out of them). Most normal applications wont require more cooling than this. The reason the 2SC1567 was chosen for the output bias regulator is because it is fully insulated - the ECG version will require additional mounting hardware. TO-3 hardware for the outputs is cheap and easy to get.

The driver transistors and voltage amps (2SC3344/2SA1011 pairs) will all require heatsinking as well. Individual TO-220 heat sinks on the circuit board will suffice - the voltage amps dissipate about 1.4 watts each. A common piece of 1/8 in. thick 1 in. wide X 4in. long angle aluminum will suffice for all 4 on each channel, but bear in mind that it must be oriented to take advantage of natural convection, and the transistors must be insualted.

Keep the imput grounds separate from everything else, and return them at ONE point. Failure to do so WILL result in high distortion (5% or so), or even oscillation.

The output stage bias should be set to about 25 milliamps in the output transistors. This value takes a while to stabilize, and you may have to monitor it over an hour or so during initial setup. To measure it, measure the voltage across the emitter resistor and use Ohms law. This way, you can check the current sharing in the parallel output transistors at the same time and change them if there is a serious discrepancy. With parts of the same date code, they should not be off by more than 10% after it has warmed up. Higher output stage biases can be used, but it takes more care in setting it. If you want an idle current of more than 50 milliamps per side, increase the value of the emitter resistors.

Initial Checkout:
DO NOT just plug something like this in! A seemingly insignificant error can set your house on fire! (As well as blow out $30 worth of transistors in a microsecond.) A variac will work in theory, but the amp may latch to the rail if the supply drops too low. I suggest the use of a ballast resistor - a 60 to 100 watt light bulb in series with the AC mains. You get a bright flash when the caps charge, and then it goes (almost) out as the idling supply current reaches its nominal low value. The amplifier will then work normally at low volumes. If the amp draws too much current for whatever reason, the lightbulb will glow brightly, increase resistance, and limit the power to the circuit. Usually, there will either be a mis-wire (use your DMM) or oscillation (will show up on a scope or RF power measuring device). If the bulb goes dim-bright-dim-bright... then the amp is marginally stable and the grounding layout should be checked. Compensation capacitor values may need to be adjusted if any significant changes were made. Mine is stable the way it is.

Additional Notes:
The schematic is in postcript, so it should just be able to be printed out. The emitters of the transistors are labelled by an "e". I was too lazy to put arrows on the transistor symbols - and Ive been using it that way for over a year now.

Trouble finding parts? MCM (1-800-543-4330) has all the transistors. Total cost for a stereo version should be between $150 and $250, depending on what kind of bargains you can find on the case, transformer, and heatsinks. If you have to pay "list" for everything, it will likely cost about $1000 to build.
The information included herin is provided as-is, with no warranties express or implied. No resposibility on the part of the author is assumed for the technical accuracy of the information given herein or the use or mis-use of said information.

The equipment described in this article was designed, fabricated, and tested on my own personal time using my own personal resources.

Author:, warren@eggo.csee.usf.edu

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9V HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER NE5534 ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM

9V HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER NE5534 ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM

I have Used it with Sennheiser 465s and achieved ear-splitting volume. The amplifier is ideal as a booster for power-conserving stereo sources Such as portable CD players and for interfacing with passive EQ networks Such as tone controls or a headphone acoustic simulator.

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10W AUDIO AMPLIFIER WITH BASS BOOST ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM

10W AUDIO AMPLIFIER WITH BASS-BOOST ELECTRONIC DIAGRAM

Adjust the volume control on the minimum and R3 position with a minimum value of resistance as well. try to switch the circuit set in R3 to read the flow of about 20 to 25mA. Wait for 15 minutes, connect the ground of A1, P1, C2, C3dan C4. Connect the output also C9 ground

List Component

• P1 : 22K Log Potemsiometer (Dual gang for stereo)
• C3, 4 : 470uF/25V
• P2 : 100K Log Potemsiometer (Dual gang for stereo)
• C6 : 47pF 63V ceramic ar polyester capasitor
• R2, 4, 8 : 820R 1/4W
• C7 : 10nF 63V polyester capasitor
• R1 : 4K7 1/4W
• C9 : 100nF 63V polyester capasitor
• R3 : 500R 1/2W
• D1 : 1N4148 75V 150mA Diode
• R5 : 82K 1/4W
• IC 1 : NE5532 Low noise Dual Op-amp
• R6, 7 : 47K 1/4W
• Q1 : BC547B 45V 100mA NPN Transitor
• R9 : 10R 1/2W
• Q2 : BC557B 45V 100mA PNP Transitor
• R10 : 0,22 4W(wirewound)
• Q3 : TIP42A 60V 6A PNP Transistor
• C1, 8 : 470nF 63V polyester capasitor
• Q4 : TIP41A 60V 6A NPN Transistor
• C2, 5 : 100uF/25V J1 : RCA audio input socket

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Soldering Iron Tip Preserver Circuit Diagram

This is a Soldering Iron Tip Preserver Circuit Diagram. Although 60/40 solder melts at about 200°C, the tip temperature of a soldering iron should be at about 370°C. This is necessary to make a good quick joint, without the risk of overheating delicate components because the iron has to be kept on the joint for too long. Unfortunately, at this temperature, the tip oxidises rapidly and needs constant cleaning. Thats where this circuit can help - it keeps the soldering tip to just below 200°C while the iron is at rest. Oxidisation is then negligible and the iron can be brought back up to soldering temperature in just a few seconds when needed. In addition, normal soldering operation, where the iron is returned to rest only momentarily, is unaffected because of the thermal inertia of the iron. Two 555 timers (IC1 & IC2) form the heart of the circuit. 

Soldering Iron Tip Preserver Circuit diagram:

Soldering Iron Tip Preserver Circuit Diagram

IC1 is wired as a monostable and provides an initial warm-up time of about 45 seconds to bring the iron up to temperature. At the end of this period, its pin 3 output switches high and IC2 (which is wired in astable configuration) switches the iron on - via relay RLY1 - for about one second in six to maintain the standby temperature. The presence of the iron in its stand is sensed by electrical contact between the two and some slight modification of the stand may be necessary to achieve this. When the iron is at rest, Q1s base is pulled low and so Q1 is off. Conversely, when the iron is out of its stand, Q1 turns on and pulls pins 2 & 6 of IC2 high, to inhibit its operation. During this time, pin 3 of IC2 is low and so the iron is continuously powered via RLY1s normally closed (NC) contacts. Note that the particular soldering iron that the circuit was designed for has its own 24V supply transformer. Other irons may need different power supply arrangements. The warm-up time and standby temperature can be varied by altering R2 and R5, as necessary.

Author: Alan March - Copyright: Silicon Chip Electronics

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AM Receiver Circuit Diagram

This is a compact three transistor, regenerative receiver with fixed feedback. It is similar in principle to the ZN414 radio IC which is now no longer available. The design is simple and sensitivity and selectivity of the receiver are good.

Circuit diagram

Notes:

All general purpose transistors should work in this circuit, I used three BC109C transistors in my prototype.The tuned circuit is designed for medium wave. I used a ferrite rod and tuning capacitor from an old radio which tuned from approximately 550 - 1600kHz. Q1 and Q2 form a compund transistor pair featuring high gain and very high input impedance. This is necessary so as not to unduly load the tank circuit.

The 120k resistor provides regenerative feedback,between Q2 output and the tank circuit input and its value affects the overall performance of the whole circuit. Too much feedback and the circuit will become unstable producing a "howling sound". Insufficient feedback and the receiver becomes "deaf". If the circuit oscillates,then R1s value may be decreased; try 68k. If there is a lack of sensitivity, then try increasing R1 to around 150k. R1 could also be replaced by a fixed resisor say 33k and a preset resistor of 100k. This will give adjustment of sensitivity and selectivity of the receiver.

Transistor Q3 has a dual purpose; it performs demodulation of the RF carrier whilst at the same time, amplifying the audio signal. Audio level varies on the strength of the received station but I had typically 10-40 mV. This will directly drive high impedance headphones or can be fed into a suitable amplifier.

Construction:

All connections should be short, a veroboard or tagstrip layout are suitable. The tuning capacitor has fixed and moving plates. The moving plates should be connected to the "cold" end of the tank circuit, this is the base of Q1, and the fixed plates to the "hot end" of the coil, the juction of R1 and C1. If connections on the capacitor are reversed, then moving your hand near the capacitor will cause unwanted stability and oscillation.

Finally here are some voltagee checks from my breadboard prototype.This should help in determining a working circuit:-

All measurements made with a fresh 9volt battery and three BC109C transistors with respect to the battery negative terminal.

Parts

Q1 (b) 1.31V

Q2 (b) 0.71V

Q2 (c) 1.34V

Q3 (b) 0.62V

Q3 (c) 3.87V

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Battery Saver Circuit Diagram and explanation

We presents a small electronic switch that connects a battery to the equipment for a certain amount of time when a push-button is momentarily pressed. And we have also taken the ambient light level into account; when it is dark you won’t be able to read the display so it is only logical to turn the switch off, even if the time delay hasn’t passed yet. The circuit is quite straightforward. For the actual switch we’re using a well-known MOSFET, the BS170.

A MOSFET (T2 in the circuit) used in this configuration doesn’t need a current to make it conduct (just a voltage), which makes the circuit very efficient. When the battery is connected to the battery saver circuit for the first time, capacitor C2 provides the gate of the MOSFET with a positive voltage, which causes T2 to conduct and hence connect the load (on the 9 V output) to the battery (BT1). C2 is slowly charged up via R3 (i.e. the voltage across C2 increases).

Circuit diagram:

Battery Saver Circuit Diagram

This causes the voltage at the gate to drop and eventually it becomes so low that T2 can no longer conduct, removing the supply voltage to the load. In this state the battery saver circuit draws a very small current of about 1 µA. If you now press S1, C2 will discharge and the circuit returns to its initial state, with a new turn-off delay. Resistor R5 is used to limit the discharge current through the switch to an acceptable level. You only need to hold down the switch for a few hundredths of a second to fully discharge C2.

In our prototype, connected between a 9 V battery and a load that drew about 5 mA, the output voltage started to drop after about 26 minutes. After 30 minutes the voltage had dropped to 2.4 V. You should use a good quality capacitor for C2 (one that has a very low leakage current), otherwise you could have to wait a very long time before the switch turns off! The ambient light level is detected using an LDR (R1). An LDR is a type of light sensor that reduces in resistance when the light level increases. We recommend that you use an FW150, obtainable from e.g. Conrad as part number 183547-89.

When there is too little light its resistance increases and potential divider R1/R2 causes transistor T1 to conduct. T1 then charges up C2 very quickly through R4, which limits the current to a safe level. This stops T2 from conducting and the load is turned off. The choice of value for R2 determines how dark it has to be before T1 starts to conduct. The battery saver circuit can be added to devices that use 6 or 9 volt batteries and which don’t draw more than 100 mA. The circuit can be built on a piece of experimenter’s board and should be made as compact as possible so that it can be built into the battery powered device.
Source: Elektor Electronics 12-2006

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Sensitive Audio Power Meter Circuit Diagram

As a follow-up to the simple audio power meter described in [1], the author has developed a more sensitive version. In practice, you rarely use more than 1 watt of audio power in a normal living-room environment. The only time most people use more is at a party when they want to show how loud their stereo system is, in which case peaks of more than 10 W are not uncommon. With this circuit, the dual LED starts to light up green at around 0.1 watt into 8 ohms (0.2 watt into 4 ohms). Naturally, this depends on the specific type of LED that is used.

 
Sensitive Audio Power Meter Circuit diagram:

Sensitive Audio Power Meter Circuit Diagram

 

Here it is  essential to use a low current type. The capacitor is first charged via D1 and then discharged via the green LED. This voltage-doubler effect  increases the sensitivity of the circuit. Above a level of 1 watt, the transistor limits the current through the green LED and the red LED con ducts enough to produce an orange hue.The red colour predominates above 5 watts. Of course, you can also use two separate ‘normal’ LEDs. However, this arrangement cannot generate an orange hue. For any testing that may be necessary, you should use  generator with a DC-coupled output. If there is a capacitor in the output path, it can cause misleading results.

Reference: Simple Audio Power Meter, Elektor July & August 2008.

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Dual Regulated Power Supply Circuit Diagram

In this circuit, the 7815 regulatates the positive supply, and the 7915 regulates the negative supply. The transformer should have a primary rating of 240/220 volts for europe, or 120 volts for North America. The centre tapped secondary coil should be rated about 18 volts at 1 amp or higher, allowing for losses in the regulator. An application for this type of circuit would be for a small regulated bench power supply. 

 Dual Regulated Power Supply Circuit Diagram

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Simple 600W Audio Amplifier Circuit Diagram

The 600W Audio Amplifier Circuit Diagram is based around {LM4702}manufactured by NATIONAL semiconductors&{MJ11029-MJ11028} by ON semiconductors It is a high fidelity audio power amplifier. Designed for demanding consumer and pro-audio applications. You can also use this circuit with AV receivers, Audiophile power amps, Pro Audio High voltage industrial applications etc Amplifier output power maybe scaled by changing the supply voltage and number of output devices. The circuit includes thermal shutdown circuitry that activates when the die temperature exceeds 150°c. CIRCUIT’s mute function, when activated, mutes the input drive signal and forces the amplifier output to a quiescent state.

 Simple 600W Audio Amplifier Circuit Diagram

Power:
Maximum Output power @ 8ohms : 300watt
Absolute max power supply voltage :±38V to ±40V
Recommended power supply voltage :±30V to ±35V

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Simple Auto Turn Off Battery Charger Circuit Diagram

This Auto Turn-Off Battery Charger Circuit Diagram for series-connected 4-cell AA batteries automatically disconnects from mains to stop charging when the batteries are fully charged. It can be used to charge partially discharged cells as well. The circuit is simple and can be divided into AC-to-DC converter, relay driver and charging sections. In the AC-to-DC converter section, transformer X1 steps down mains 230V AC to 9V AC at 750 mA, which is rectified by a full-wave rectifier comprising diodes D1 through D4 and filtered by capacitor C1. Regulator IC LM317 (IC1) provides the required 12V DC charging voltage.

 Auto Turn-Off Battery Charger Circuit Diagram

When you press switch S1 momentarily, the charger starts operating and the power-on LED1 glows to indicate that the charger is ‘on.’ The relay driver section uses pnp transistors T1, T2 and T3 (each BC558) to energise electromagnetic relay RL1. Relay RL1 is connected to the collector of transistor T1. Transistor T1 is driven by pnp transistor T2, which, in turn, is driven by pnp transistor T3. Resistor R4 (10-ohm, 0.5W) is connected between the emitter and base of transistor T3.

When a current of over 65 mA flows through the 12V line, it causes a voltage drop of about 650 mV across resistor R4 to drive transistor T3 and cut off transistor T2. This, in turn, turns transistor T1 ‘on’ to energise relay RL1.


Now even if the pushbutton is released, mains is still available to the primary of the transformer through its normally open (N/O) contacts.  In the charging section, regulator IC1 is biased to give about 7.35V. Preset VR1 is used for adjusting the bias voltage. Diode D6 connected between the output of IC1 and battery limits the output voltage to about 6.7V, which is used for charging the battery.  Pushing switch S1 latches relay RL1 and the battery cells start charging. As the voltage per cell increases beyond 1.3V, the voltage drop across resistor R4 starts decreasing. When it falls below 650 mV, transistor T3 cuts off to drive transistor T2 and, in turn, cuts off transistor T3.

As a result, relay RL1 de-energises to cut off the charger and red LED1 turns off.  You may determine the charging voltage depending on the NiCd cell specifications by the manufacturer. Here, we’ve set the charging voltage at 7.35V for four 1.5V cells. Nowadays, 700mAH cells are available in the market, which can be charged at 70 mA for 10 hours. The open-circuit voltage is about 1.3V. The shut-off voltage point is determined by charging the four cells fully (at 70 mA for 14 hours). After measuring the output voltage, add the diode drop (about 0.65V) and bias LM317 accordingly.

Author : Y.M. Anandavardhana

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Simple 3 Way Active Crossover Circuit Diagram

This is the Simple 3-Way Active Crossover Circuit Diagram with linear phase response. The problems that exist at common crossover circuit is known. The low pass filter causes a delay in the signal. Unlike the high-pass filter causes a head in the signal passing through it. Thus the frequency separation created some problems such as:

1. Signals of the two filters are mutually exclusive
2. The phase shift between the filter affects the radiation
3. The radiation pattern depends on the frequency

The crossover circuit tries to solve many of the problems mentioned above and based on a study of S. Lipshitz and J.  Vanderkooy, published in the JAES (Journal Audio Engineering Society). A lattice separation uses a linear phase low-pass section with the help of a time delay circuit and a circuit removal gives the output signal with high-pass filter characteristics. The time delay is not constant over the entire frequency range, but changing very slowly and mainly there are phase differences between signals of the two charges, not even close to the crossover.

Simple 3-Way Active Crossover Circuit Diagram

The circuit consists separation as shown in block diagram [Fig.2] two low pass filters of fourth grade, -24db/oct for a line of low-frequency signals and one for the high frequency separation. In the same frequencies operate both units delay time T1 (for low frequency F1) and T2 (for high frequency F2) and give the same phase characteristics of the low pass section.

The delay circuit T1 simulates the time delay introduced by low-frequency filter LPF1, while T2 simulates the time delay introduced by low-frequency filter LPF2 that exists in the line of midrange. Then the signal from the low pass filter removed [IC7A-B] of the signal has been delayed, a clear signal that the characteristics are the same as a signal that has passed through a high pass filter. At the exit of each line is a trimmer with which we can adjust the level between the levels of loudspeakers. The power circuit is a well-stabilized voltage + /-15V. The use of meshed split fourth order Linkwitz forcing crossovers be located at-6db [Fig.3].

The above picture shows the main circuits and the necessary formulas for calculating the low pass filters as well as trusses time delay. There is also an example calculation for crossovers and 200IZ 3KIZ that will help calculate and adjust to your needs. The circuit derived from a relevant article of the magazine Elektor. 

Components List:
R1,16 = 100Kohms
R2,3,4,5 = 56Kohms
R6,27 = 37.5Kohms[33K+4.7K]
R8,9,12,13,14 = 10Kohms
R10,28 = 75Kohms (150K//150K)
R11,29 = NC
R15 = 56.3Kohms
R17 = 12Kohms
R18,19,20,21,22 = 10Kohms
R23,24,25,26 = 37.5Kohms [33K+4.7K]
R30,31,32,33,34,35,36 = 10Kohms
R37,38,39,40,41,41 = 10Kohms
R42,43,44 = 47Kohms
R45,46 = 47 ohms
TR1,2,3,4 = 47Kohms trimmer or pot.
C1,34,35 = 2.2uF 100V MKT
C2,3,7,8,14,15,18 = 47nF 100V MKT
C4,5,6,9,10,11,16,17 = 10nF 100V MKT
C12,13,20,21,22 = 1nF 100V MKT
C19,23,24,30,31,32,33 = 47nF 100V MKT
C25,26,27,28,29 = 1nF 100V MKT
C36,37 = 1uF 100V MKT
C38,39 = 47uF 25V
IC1 = TL071
IC2,3,4,5,6,7 = TL072,NE5532
All the resistors is 1/4W 1% metal film

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Simple Tone Booster Schematic Diagram

This is the tone booster schematic diagram which is published on Everyday Electronics, September 1978 edition. The peaks of frequencies is at 5000 Hz for a “cleaner and more penetrating” sound. The Q1 type is ztx384, while the Q2 is BC415p.

 Simple Tone Booster Schematic Diagram

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Build a 60W Transistored Power Amplifier Circuit Diagram

This is the circuit diagram of 60W transistored power amplifier. This circuit was designed and built during the 80s. From then it works without problem. It does not present a particular construction problem, apart from the known: the attention to the supplied power source, choosing suitable heatsinks and good matching of the driver transistors. The diodes D3..5 should be placed on the heatsinks of power transistors to have thermal coupling with the output transistors.

 60W Transistored Power Amplifier Circuit Diagram

With the trimmer R15, we regulate the voltage at the output of the amplifier [with long work hours and little heat stabilized]. With the trimmer TR1, we can adjust the bias current of the amplifier at 50 to 100 mA. The bias current can be measured if you measure the voltage drop at the ends of the resistors R36 and R37, for the voltage that are given in the circuit, the current is approximately 75 mA. The voltage indicated in above diagram can be different, but may have a tolerance of about +/- 10%.

Parts List

R1 = 1.8K ohm	R25 = 8.2K ohm	D1,D2 = 24V/1W Zener	C1 = 4.7uF/25V
R2 = 220K ohm	R26 = 27K ohm	D3….9 = 1N4002	C2 = 470pF
R3 = 27K ohm	R27 = 820 ohm	T1-2 = BC550C	C3-4 = 100uF/63V
R4,R10,R11,R17 = 3.3K ohm	R28 = 3.3K ohm	T3,T4 = BC560C	C5 = 68pF
R5,R9,R12,R16 = 100 ohm	R29 = 100 ohm	T5,T13 = BD530	C6,C10 = 330pF
R6 = 18K ohm	R31,R39 = 180 ohm	T6,T8 = BC414C	C7 = 22pF
R7,R13 = 3.9K ohm	R32,R38 = 6.8K ohm	?9 = BC416C	C8 = 220uF/16V
R14 = 10K ohm	R33,R34 = 1.2K ohm	T7,T10 = BD529	C9 = 100nF 100V
R15 = 22K ohm Trimmer	R35 = 82 ohm /1W	T11 = BD591	C11,C12 = 10pF
R18,R23 = 330 ohm	R36,R37 = 0.33 ohm / 5W	T14 = BD592	C13,R15 = 47uF/63V
R19,R21,R22 = 15K ohm	R40,R41 = 10 ohm / 2W	T12 = 2N5630	C16,R17 = 100nF/100V
R20 = 12K ohm	R42 = 180 ohm/5W	T15 = 2N6030	C18,R19 = 100nF/100V
R24,R30 = 82 ohm	TR1 = 4.7K ohm Trimmer

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KLX250S Kawasaki Ignition System Parts Diagram and explanation

The Kawasaki KLX250S is powered by a compact, liquid-cooled, four-stroke, single-cylinder engine displacing 249cc. A throttle position sensor (TPS) helps the 34mm semi-flat slide Keihin CVK carburetor deliver the optimum amount of fuel for all riding conditions. Here is a typical schematic of the 2007 Kawasaki KLX250S Ignition System Parts and Components Diagram.
21119 Igniter
21121 Ignition Coil
21130 Spark Plug Cap
21131 High Tension Grommet
92071 Plug Cap Grommet
92151 Bolt-Flanged-Small
92172 Screw

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Simplest DC Motor Speed Controller Circuit Diagram

The effect can be eliminated by means of Ri compensation, which essentially entails measuring the motor’s current consumption, relating this to the motor’s instantaneous drop i across Ri, and increasing the supply voltage accordingly.

The load current is measured as the drop across sensing resistor R3. For optimum results, this impedance must be kept about equal to that of the motor. Figure 2 shows the practical circuit of the motor driver based on a power operational amplifier.
Simple DC operated motors with a permanent magnetic stator behave as an independently energized motor. The speed of an ideal motor with an, infinitely low internal resistance is in direct proportion to the voltage applied, irrespective of the torque.
The motor thus runs at a speed at which its reverse electromotive force (e.m.f.) equals the supply voltage.
The reverse e.m.f. is directly proportional to the force of the (constant) magnetic field, and the motor speed.
In theory, therefore, the motor speed can be held constant with a constant supply voltage. The speed reduction observed in practice arises from the voltage drop across the internal resistance, Ri, of the armature winding. Thus, when the motor is loaded, its current consumption, and hence Vai, increases, reducing the effective supply voltage.
The Type Ll65 £rom SGS can supply up to 3 A at a maximum supply voltage of 36 and is therefore eminently suitable for the present applications. cation. Capacitors C1 and Cz suppress noise on the reverse e.m.f. from the motor.
The basic set-up of the supply required here is shown in Fig. l.

In· fact, this calls for a voltage source with a negative output impedance, since it caters for a higher output voltage when the . load is increased.

Due care should be taken, however, in so l extending the circuit, because this readily leads to instability. The motor itself already forms a fairly complex load, since the revolving rotor winding is mainly inductive, and the rotor itself represents a fairly large capacitance.

Simplest DC Motor Speed Controller Circuit Diagram

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